Is the decision fostered by certain path dependencies or an overarching policy style to managing demands (Halpin & Fraussen, Citation2021)? Citiz Sci 4(1), Haegeman K, Spiesberger M, Knnl T (2017) Evaluating foresight in transnational research programming. Agenda Setting: Definition, Function, Process & Examples Sage Publications, Inc., Thousand Oaks, Matschoss K, Pietil M, Rask M, Suni T (2020) Co-creating transdisciplinary global change research agendas in Finland. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963662515620970, Lee CW (2014) Do-it-yourself democracy: the rise of the public engagement industry. BMC Med Ethics 17(1):33. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12910-016-0117-1, Turb A, Barba J, Pelacho M, Mugdal S, Robinson LD, Serrano-Sanz F, Sanz F, Tsinaraki C, Rubio J-M, Schade S (2019) Understanding the citizen science landscape for European environmental policy: an assessment and recommendations. Recent research in this vein has focused not only on the choice of individual tools (see e.g. 176-87. Third, our approach adopts a version of institutionalised politics where organised interests seek to engage government. Engaging with such themes would engender a more sophisticated understanding on the efficacy of specific types of instruments (e.g. By closing this message, you are consenting to our use of cookies. In fact, drumming up responses from key stakeholder groups might be as much a problem as trying to filter out excessive demands. Abma TA, Pittens CACM, Visse M, Elberse JE, Broerse JEW (2015) Patient involvement in research programming and implementation. Eur J Futur Res 2(1), Joss S, Bellucci S (2002) Participatory technology assessment European perspectives. Students of public policy have spent considerable effort setting out the types of policy instruments or tools available to policymakers in different stages of the policy process. Routinise: Perhaps the most common family of instruments are those that seek to move somewhat ill-structured or chaotic patterns of engagement with organized interests into more routinised forms. No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors. Others conclude that stakeholders active participation in a networked PASE activity was mainly the result of the fact that the activities content originated from real needs and concrete research questions, and that their personal attitudes and values were crucial to the process [84]. One important facet of managing agenda-setting is dealing with policy demands from organised interests. The paper refocuses attention of policy scholars onto the means and strategies that policymakers deploy to manage government agendas, a process which has clear implications for what becomes a policy problem and thereafter potentially subject to governmental action. Conveying the argument of favouring public engagement in agenda-setting, participation (a) helps to democratise the research arena dominated by an elite, making research funding decisions more transparent; (b) contributes to better understand societal impact of and a need towards science and technology, thus producing better decisions whilst increasing public trust in science; and (c) fulfils the moral obligation of involving the public into guiding decisions of distributing tax-money for research and innovation which may concern public and individual lives. This resulted in criticism, for instance regarding conflict between integrity/impartiality of science and its involvement with the vested interests of the State and commerce on policy issues, threatening to destroy public trust in science [28], or regarding the alloted diminishing of democratically credible and sometimes effective street-protest in response to uneffective laboratory-like partcipation experiments [29, 30]. Did you know that with a free Taylor & Francis Online account you can gain access to the following benefits? Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Technol Forecast Soc Chang 115:313326. Futures 107:98106. As TA is inherently democratic, it has actively promoted public engagement in science and technology, relying not only on functional arguments of inclusion in modern democracy, but also on a normative one such as the empowerment of citizens and stakeholders, and its value in itself [69]. A transdisciplinary approach to complex societal issues. Public Philos Democ Edu 5(2):2950, Mayring P (2014) Qualitative content analysis: theoretical foundation, basic procedures and software solution. Public Underst Sci 2(4):321337. The theory is of great importance in the field of media and politics and attracts the attention of the audience or individuals to the topics of their own choice or concern. Each case included in this paper points towards the dynamics of change and continuity. Technology assessment over the last decades [8, 9, 68]. [74] assess methods applied in a standardised trans-European citizen visioning process that elicited laypeoples experiential and value-based knowledge, forming the base for EU research and innovation agenda setting. J Environ Stud Sci 7(1):5368. Research funding organisations started to engage with the public to identify and prioritise research topics for investment and to decide between proposals [50]. The terms research priority setting and research agenda setting are often used interchangeably [47]. 36, 1972, pp. Advantages And Disadvantages Of Gatekeeping Theory. [84] critique the linear top-down model which has characterised agricultural innovation since the green revolution in which farmers are mainly recipients and users of technology, with this dependency resulting in a loss of much of the knowledge, experience and skills necessary for sustainable production. In such cases, governments may adopt one or a mix of our above strategies, yet containment of these outside forms of mobilisation may well prove challenging. From the perspective of engaging with interest groups, and thus a consultative or consensus policy style, we might usefully divide agenda-setting instruments into types that seek to (a) routinise demands (such as consultations and stakeholder events), (b) regularise demands (such as legislative sunset clauses and scheduled reviews), or (c) generate demands (such as funding policy publics). Sci Public Policy 39(2):208221. Research programme development acts as an early entry point for public needs and values into the innovation process [71, 72]. Once we recognise that government is under pressure from external interests when setting its agenda, the question arises as to how they might seek to manage it? https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1025557512320, Gibbons M, Limoges C, Nowotny H, Schwartzman S, Scott P, Trow M (1994) The new production of knowledge: the dynamics of science and research in contemporary societies. Gudowsky et al. To clarify the strength of engagement, Manaf et al. They say Each public arena has a characteristic rhythm of organizational life that influences the timing of its interactions with social problems, thus affecting [issue] selection (ibid). Thus, the emphasis is on what policymakers can deploy. (a) Democracy: counteracting a crisis of representative democracy by alleviating the general lack of transparency of political processes by involving the public more directly, ensuring a consideration of different opinions; (b) function: improving effectiveness of decisions on controversial issues when disagreement exists within scientific communities on a magnitude of problems and their solutions whilst public trust in experts simultaneously declines; (c) normativity: the moral obligation of involving a wider public in decisions on matters of public interest. Since health research has been, until today, the most prominent scientific field that applies participatory agenda setting, taking a closer look at the abovementioned arguments is essential. A qualitative content analysis was performed by assigning categories to text passages as a qualitative-interpretative act, following content-analytical rule [76] to analyse content and contextual meaning of text passages [77]. As is well observed in the literature, there is a status quo bias to policy making, which means that groups seeking to reproduce existing advantages typically have an easier time than challengers (Baumgartner, Berry, Hojnacki, Kimball, & Leech, Citation2009). For a critical review of this model, see Everett M. Rogers, 'Mass Media and Interpersonal Communication', in Ithiel de Sola Pool and Wilbur Schramm, eds., Handbook of Communi cation. Manage cookies/Do not sell my data we use in the preference centre. Expert- and stakeholder-based anticipation of future developments, identification of possible challenges and solutions to frame respective strategic decisions has been embedded into research programming [11, 63, 64]; nevertheless, it presents a limited approach to shaping futures as this may neglect societal needs and values and therefore valid alternative futures. Here, the question of whom to engage in such settings has evolved considerably over the years, whilst the triple helix has long been the main model for a reflexive innovation system, involving academia, industry and governments [18]. This has implications as governments and government agencies have differing capabilities to deploy these resources (see e.g. This paper focuses on the tools available to government to manage these demands. For instance, Rosa et al. Whilst RRIs shift from academic discussion to institutional practice is well underway, a good part of these practices focusses on opening up research and innovation [16]. It is regarded as the extension of agenda setting theory which prioritize an issue and makes the audience think about its effects. The theory is important in agenda setting because of the. Examining outputs of a multi-step method of expert interviews and a science caf setting, the authors conclude that a mutually responsive engagement of laypeople and experts can serve for successfully mapping societal concerns and knowledge needs in emerging research fields.
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