This would be an onerous if not nearly impossible task by hand, and even with modern methods it takes a particular, perhaps misguided, willingness to endure prolonged bouts of tedious data entry. He scoured historical archives and searched for valuable first-hand accounts, memoirs, autobiographies and additional newspaper and journal reports from the time. Both his shins had been splintered by a grape shot, so he was left crippled and naked on the field, his clothes stripped from him. "Yes, the Jacobites came out in rebellion, but otherwise they had led honest lives. For it was not just English troops under Cumberland that carried out atrocity after atrocity in the search for Charles and the remaining Jacobites, but also Scots, many of whom were Highlanders themselves. This same bundle of proofs was later recorded within the governments Treasury Solicitor Papers, categorising each witness who testified by number and reference to his or her deposition. It was about a year ago that a lady I know mentioned to me in passing the gravestones believed to be hidden in deep undergrowth in Culloden Woods. Saturday 16 April marked the 270 th anniversary of the Battle of Culloden, which brought to a violent and bloody end the Jacobite uprising of 1745-46. After the Duke of Cumberland ordered that "no quarter" be given, the Jacobites were pursued and cut down without mercy. Like many of these amalgamated master lists, it is likely a transcribed compilation made up of scores of temporary registers in various stages of completion and legibility. The name proper is St. Peter and Paul, Hirsau as it is known localy, is the name of the village. But by the time the highland army came up against the Duke of Cumberland's forces on Culloden Moor on 16 April, it was dispirited, poorly supplied and suffering heavy desertion. Trouillot in the Digital Age: A Fifth Crucial Moment for PublicHistorians? By direct order of the Duke of Cumberland, soldiers of the Jacobite army, many of them wounded, were killed where they lay and stayed unburied at Culloden. (LogOut/ After the 1745 uprising and defeat at Culloden a year later, punishment was even harsher. which undeniably changed the landscape of prosecution against Jacobite prisoners after 1745. They used stones to balance their muskets, some prisoners were hanged (mostly in England) , others (the nobility usually) beheaded. 80-121, 236-246. Thanx for the update. . In Britain, they faced the death penalty, but the rebels were instead shipped to work for nothing in the colonies, most likely on the sugar plantations owned by British landowners some of them almost certainly Scots as part of a move to clear overcrowded prisons of Jacobite rebels. Overview and Statement of Significance. After the Battle of Preston in November 1715, the Jacobites surrendered. Around 3,500 Jacobites were rounded up after Culloden with around 900 transported to the colonies, the majority to serve as indentured servants. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. Culloden - prisoners. The retribution that followed the defeat of the Jacobite Army at Culloden in 1746 has passed into legend for its brutality and savagery and has formed the backdrop to many classic stories including Robert Louis Stevenson's Kidnapped and more recently Diana Gabaldon's Outlander series of novels. At Cumberlands command, a ship full of prisoners was sent south to London. Petitions, lists of prisoners and memorials. For whether we are happy about it or not, after Culloden, the vast majority of Scots accepted the Union and we played a huge part in creating that Empire, being to the fore in its most expansionist phases such as the slave trade and the conquest of the Indian sub-continent. Plans were made to take prisoners to Tilbury to be attended by the Apothecary, although it is unlikely this happened. Figures 3-8. Overshadowed by Culloden the following year - the battle that finally terminated the century-old Jacobite cause - Prestonpans is little known. All around Inverness, men were murdered just for wearing Highland dress, women were raped and killed and children slaughtered Butcher Cumberland was well named. A cursory comparison between the three sources shows that at least 185 persons (18.8%) are absent from the former and 244 (24.8%) do not appear in the latter. We know there are thousands of National readers who want to debate, argue and go back and forth in the comments section of our stories. . Proceedings against Scottish peers. Being deprived of French assistance still left other foreign polities willing to hold out hopes of aid to the exiled Stuarts. (LogOut/ Jacobite prisoners were hanged in the streets, and one account told of a blind beggar woman being whipped in the city for not knowing where the Prince was. When the regiment was temporarily disbanded, about 700 Frasers returned to the Highlands and there they spread tales of the freedoms and wealth enjoyed by the inhabitants of the Americas where land was plentiful. Weve got the most informed readers in Scotland, asking each other the big questions about the future of our country. Watch on If you'd like to learn more about Scottish history, then come and join us on one of our Virtual Tours listed below: [1]D. S. Layne, Spines of the Thistle: The Popular Constituency of the Jacobite Rising in 1745-6(PhD thesis, University of St Andrews, 2016), p.179;Christopher Duffy,Fight for a Throne: The Jacobite 45 Reconsidered(Solihull, 2015), p. 488; Murray Pittock,The Myth of the Jacobite Clans: The Jacobite Army in 1745(Edinburgh, 2009), p. 73; Bruce Leman,The Jacobite Risings in Britain, 1689-1746(Aberdeen, 1980), p. 271. After Culloden he was advised to stay in Scotland to secure his succession to the chief's estates. 63-68, 348 are mentioned in Carlisle on 2 August, Webb to Sharpe (2 August 1746), TNA SP 36/86/1 f. 18. They smashed windows in over 200 properties and caused massive amounts of damage.. This Officers of the Jacobite Armies project (PI Murray Pittock) is the first online listing of all who held commissioned rank in the armies of the Jacobite cause, or those who he [3]TNA SP 36/88/33d; 36/88/116; SP 54/34/29c; 54/32/49d; NRS GD 220/6/1662/11-13; ACA Parcel L/H/1-3; TNA TS 11/760/2361; PKA B59 30/72/2-3, 5-11; B59 33/3; NRS E 379/9-10; ACA Parcel L/P/1; DCA Wedderburn of Pearsie Papers, Box 21, Bundles 1-2. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); History Journal is the official journal of the Historical Association. Not all of them had been fighting of course, some had just been a bit too sympathetic with the cause of Charles Edward Stuart, the unlucky young pretender to the Scottish throne. [13]Definitively not. Exceptionally well written! They did so at discretion, meaning all they could hope for was not to be immediately . Thankfully, the British army clerk in charge of this particular booklet had a fine hand and nearly all of the names are paired with their stated places of origin, ranks or occupations, and fighting units, if applicable. Traditional Gaelic culture was ruthlessly battered down and the English language was enforced across the land by rigorous teaching not for nothing is it said that the most correct English spoken anywhere is in Inverness. Prisoner lists and records. In the days after Culloden the roads were full of refugees and the makeshift prisons full of Jacobites. In his new book, Culloden: Battle and Aftermath, Paul OKeeffe gives equal attention to the battle itself and the events that followed. There was a fair bit of commotion upon the mercat cross of Coupar Angus one mid-October day in 1745. The local garrison ordered people to light a candle in their window to celebrate. Come take a walk with us through the graveyard to learn more Jacobite Executions in Inverness. Seven ships carried them from Inverness on 10 June 1746. James Moore John Paul Prisoners who worked at the Lynn Iron Works, now known as the Saugus Iron Works, were as follows: John Clarke George Thompson Robert Mac Intire John Toish James Danielson Alexander Burgess Alexander Ennis Thomas Gaulter William Jordan John Mason John Jackshane John Rupton James Thompson James Adams John Banke George Darling The Jacobite dead and wounded on the battlefield are thought to have numbered between fifteen hundred and two thousand. Last thoughts on the Jacobites: the most important discovery for me during my researches for this series was that both James Edward Stuart and his son Bonnie Prince Charlie strongly pledged to end the Union of Parliaments of 1707. The battle of Culloden marked the end of the Jacobite rising of 1745, an attempt by Charles Edward Stuart to regain the British throne for his father, James, who was - in turn - the son of the . Provisional but satisfactory examinations of this data illustrate a number of demographic points of interest: the international character of what is often considered to have been a categorically Scottish rising, and also granular evidence of the Scottish counties that produced significant Jacobite military support; the distribution and frequencies of ranks and fighting units within that army; and a limited study of the occupational spheres that provided plebeian Jacobite recruits, as well as a number of itemised careers. Not a very pleasant situation of forced labour, rather like working on a prison work gang. [5]See Layne, Spines of the Thistle, pp. Lets get that debate started! The battle of Culloden lasted for under an hour. Enter your email address to subscribe to this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email. [4]List of Rebel Prisoners Taken Before, At, and After the Battle of Culloden (1746), RA CP/Main Box 69 Series XI.39.22. Anne and Baby prisoner 332, along with others, found freedom on Martinique, but their fate under the beating Caribbean sun remains untold. 14 Indentures were partially established to fund both . You dont want to roam through dark forests alone, not even as a knight, do you? [12]Though numerous categories of helpful data are present, many others are not. Cumberland's forces suffered only about fifty dead and 230 wounded. Editors' Code of Practice. I couldnt resist commenting. Many Highlanders opted to emigrate to America and Canada in a bid to preserve their way of life that was now under assault on all sides lowland Scottish people, it has to be said, largely backed the brutal repression of their fellow Scots. They were kept for trials to gather evidence against Lord Lovat, whom they caught at the beginning of June, 1746. However, they had to turn back to Scotland within 150 miles of London. However, Paul says: It was his only victory and he fell out of favour with his father, George II, because he lost Hanover, in Germany, where George was born. David Graham of Orchill, factor to the loyalist William Graham, 2nd Duke of Montrose, furnished his laird with exacting tallies of his individual tenants, including their rent values and known level of involvement in the rising. To follow the trail of prosecution for each of the 986 names, then, we would need to seek out other sources that can fill in the blanks and tell us more about the people the government was so intent on cataloguing. Droppingthe entire data setinto a nimble and manipulable database likeAirtable, however, lets us take a much closer look at prosopographical trends that define the constituency of these captured Jacobites. A local man found him and he survived They re-entered Carlisle on 19 December . Through the process of tracking down and registering these participants, hundreds of lists were compiled by government justices, military personnel, regional sheriffs, keepers of gaols and tolbooths, Presbyterian clergy, officers of the customs and excise, and individual landholders. The siege of Carlisle (December 1745) took place from 21 to 30 December during the Jacobite rising of 1745, when a Jacobite garrison surrendered to government forces led by the Duke of Cumberland.. Rob Eaglesfield, CC BY-SA. First, however, came Westminsters genocidal treatment of the Highlanders. How did the Jacobites die at Culloden? "Scottish Rebels Transported to Maryland, 1747." (Genealogical Gleanings in England.) They werent given any food for two days, they were cold, the dead were only slowly disposed of, a gruesome task the beggars were forced to perform. All of these contributed to form a piecemeal record of just who was involved in either explosive or subversive treason against the Crown, the nature of their involvement, and their degree of guilt based upon personal depositions, eyewitness testimony, and material evidence. The town had been captured by the Jacobite army that invaded England in November 1745 and reached as far south as Derby, before turning back on 6 December.. Data returned from the Piano 'meterActive/meterExpired' callback event. A lot of them ran away. An injured 18-year-old, Captain MacDonald of Bellfinlay, managed to drag himself to safety. Jeff Stelling leaving Sky Sports after 30 years with Soccer Saturday, Ryanair cancels 220 flights over May 1 bank holiday due to strikes, Hardcore coronation fans already camped outside Buckingham Palace, One dead and seven injured in Cornwall nightclub knife attack, Coronation Street actress Barbara Young dies aged 92, Eurovision acts land in Liverpool ahead of Song Contest. Achnacarry House Faille Conference Borrodale Caves Forever Borrodale Raising the Jacobite Standard The Tower and the Stone VIEW PAGE FILING CABINET Soon after Culloden, laws were passed that banned Highlanders from wearing clan colors or bearing arms. Rather than taking the captured all the way to England, they tried and sentenced them in Scotland. The merchant who transported these indentured servants was really aggrieved that the French freed them. Posted on April 16, 2021 James Robertson and his son returned home with Struan after Prestonpans and was then given charge of 113 prisoners in the . The wounded Hanoverian soldiers were treated in a hospital on the other side of the river, in Balnain House. Those ads you do see are predominantly from local businesses promoting local services.
